Optimal Near Real-Time Control of Water Distribution System Operations

The scarcity of freshwater resources, combined with deteriorating infrastructure, pushes water utilities to employ optimal operational practices control distribution systems (WDSs) based on objectives such as minimizing costs or leakages. This paper demonstrates a metaheuristic optimization framework for controlling WDS operations in near real-time by the total energy consumption, while maintaining sustainable system conditions and operations, those tanks. proposed framework, at its core, comprises demand forecasting model, an optimization-based hydraulic continuity model. hypothesis is that can be controlled more efficiently predicting future past prevailing conditions. Operational time steps 60, 30, 15 min are considered, evaluate benefits using shorter than conventional norm. demonstrated small-sized benchmark WDS. results revealed schemes reduce selected up 17.8%, shortest step scheme (15 min) offering most reduction expenses, cost computational expensiveness. study findings would help plan reliable schemes.